QUALITATIVE VARIABLE

A variable , in the field of mathematics , is a symbol that can appear in a function, an algorithm, a proposition or a formula, adopting different values . By establishing links with other variables, they can contribute to the development of a theory or a hypothesis, acquiring the name of constructs .

Qualitative variable

It is possible to differentiate between different classes of variables depending on the context. The qualitative variables are those that allow expression of a property , one category , one attribute or attribute .

It is interesting in this sense to know the etymological origin of the two words that make up the term at hand. Thus, we can establish the following information:
-Variable comes from Latin, specifically from “variabilis” which is the result of the sum of two components: the verb “variare”, which can be translated as “change of appearance”, and the suffix “- able ”, which is used to indicate possibility.
-Qualitative, on the other hand, also derives from Latin. In your case of the word "qualitativus", which is made up of two parts: the noun "qualitas", which means "quality", and the suffix "-tive". This is used to indicate a passive or active relationship.

We said that variables can take different values . In the case of qualitative variables, if they can only adopt two values, they are classified as dichotomous . For example: a person can be "alive" or "dead" , there is no third option. This qualitative variable, therefore, is dichotomous.

If the qualitative variable can acquire a number of values ​​greater than two, it is called polytomous . In this group , in turn, it is possible to distinguish between nominal polytomous qualitative variables and ordinal polytomous qualitative variables.

The variables qualitative polytomous nominal adopt values that can not be sorted . A pants can be "blue" , "black" , "green" , "red" , "yellow" or "pink" , to name a few possibilities, without there being a criterion or a hierarchy that allows the ordering of the attribute (the color ).

In the same way, another example that can help us understand what nominal qualitative variables are is the one that refers to a person's marital status. Thus, this can be single, married, widowed, divorced or separated without being able to establish any kind of rank or hierarchy regarding those possibilities.

The qualitative variables polytomous ordinals instead acquire values that can be sorted according to a scale . A sound can be "weak" , "moderate" or "intense" , three values ​​that are ordered from lowest to highest (or vice versa) according to their characteristics.

More examples of ordinal or quasi-quantitative qualitative variables are the following:
-Within an athletics competition, three medals are awarded that follow a hierarchy as to who came first, second and third to the goal. We are referring to the gold, silver and bronze.
-With regard to the grade of an exam, these variables are also established with the corresponding order or hierarchy. Thus, a student may have obtained an outstanding, a notable, a good, a pass or a failure as a grade.

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