FREE ZONE

The first thing to do before proceeding to analyze the term at hand is to determine its etymological origin. Thus, it is established that the first word that makes it up emanates from Latin and specifically from the word zone, which in turn comes from Greek and can be translated as "belt" or "girdle".

The second word, frank, for its part has its etymological origin in the francian Frank which can be determined to mean "free.

A free zone is a specific geographic area that is set aside for industrialization for export purposes. It is a space in the territory of a national State where customs legislation is applied differently or is not applied, so that goods of foreign origin can enter and remain or be transformed without being subject to the normal tax regime.

In addition to all the above, we can also establish that, on occasions, it is considered that the free zone is synonymous with a free port. A clear allusion to the similarity that they maintain with the well-known ports free of customs duties.

The entry and exit of merchandise in a free zone is usually considered as import and export respectively. The permanence of the products within the zone can be indefinite, since there are no terms for their extraction or withdrawal.

In general, free zones carry out storage, commercial, service and industrial activities, in the latter case only for export, with the exception of capital goods that do not have a history of production in the territory. general customs or in special customs areas.

In the case of Mercosur , for example, member countries apply the tariff in force to third countries to merchandise that comes from free zones. In pertinent cases, the World Trade Organization (WTO) regulations on safeguard clauses and subsidies are also applied to them .

The largest free zone in the West is located in Colón, in Panama. In Argentina, there are free zones in La Plata ( Buenos Aires ), Córdoba, Mendoza, Tucumán, Santa Fe, Comodoro Rivadavia ( Chubut ) and San Luis. In Spain, there are free zones in Barcelona and Cádiz.

In the case of Cádiz, the free zone that it has is characterized by the fact that there are parking lots, business centers or industrial estates and warehouses, passing through different types of land.

However, in the case of Spain we can also talk about other cities and provinces that have their respective free zone. This would be the case, for example, in the Galician city of Vigo and also in the Canary archipelago where we find the free zone of Tenerife and also the free zone of Gran Canaria.

Specifically, that of the Tenerife island has its origin in the second half of the 19th century, in 1852, when a Royal Decree was published that established the proclamation of free ports in this and other areas of Spanish territory.






 

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